The 28th conference under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) came at a critical moment in time, with 2023 set to be the warmest year on record and
the impacts of climate change rapidly accelerating. International climate change negotiations at the COP28
conference in Dubai concluded on 13 December 2023.
Below are the main outcomes and failures of the COP 28:
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Positive Outcomes Nearly every country agreed to "transition away from
fossil fuels"[1]. A wave of new international pledges covering everything from
oil-and-gas company emissions and tripling renewables, through to food systems [1]. Creation of a new Loss and Damage Fund [2]. Adoption of a new framework for the Global Goal on
Adaptation [2].
Commitments to triple renewable energy, double energy
efficiency, and reduce methane emissions (although without a clear target) by
20302. The power of people and civil society to finally deliver
outcomes put off for 30 years [4].
Failures Lack of a clear call for a fossil-fuel “phase-out” this
decade [1]. Many “loopholes” in the text that might enable the
production and consumption of coal, oil, and gas to continue [1]. Developing countries were left disappointed by a lack of new
financial commitments for transitioning away from fossil fuels and adapting to
climate impacts [1]. The language on coal phase-out was diluted from ‘rapidly
phasing down’ unabated coal with limits, to a more general 'efforts towards
phase-down’ [2]. Dangerous loopholes in mitigation [3].
Failure of fairness; of climate justice for countries least
responsible for the climate crisis who nonetheless suffer its worst impacts [4]. 1. brookings.edu 2. kcl.ac.uk 3. iisd.org 4. bond.org.uk
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